Pain is not just a reaction to an injury, but a conclusion drawn by the brain, from a multitude of incoming signals.
This is why pain is subjective and fluctuates. The brain doesn't just process signals from injured tissues, but also processes info from the environment and the state of the rest of the body. Factors that can influence pain include: 1) Cognitive function - as dogs age and become more frail, they may become less resilient to pain. 2) Emotional states - anxiety can heighten a dog's sensitivity to pain. 3) Physical & social environment - loneliness and boredom can lead to emotional pain, which can exacerbate physical pain. 4) Neurobiology - due to neuroplasticity, each dog's brain is unique, affecting their perception of pain. 5) Past experiences - previous encounters with pain can shape a dog's current perception. Just like us, our furry friends experience pain as a complex emotional and sensory experience. Understanding your pet's pain is the first step towards helping them live a happier, healthier life! Ambron, R. (2022). The brain and pain: Breakthroughs in neuroscience. Columbia University Press. https://caninearthritis.co.uk/ Cell Press. (2016, October 11). Why naked mole rats feel no pain. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 13, 2023 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161011133636.htm Eckman, D. (2022, September 15). Chronic pain in pets part 1: Causes, symptoms, and prevention. VMBS News. https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/pet-talk/chronic-pain-part-1/ Green, H. (2015, February 13). The nervous system, part 1: Crash course anatomy & physiology #8. Crash Course. https://thecrashcourse.com/courses/the-nervous-system-part-1-crash-course-ap-8/ Green, H. (2015b, March 2). The nervous system, part 2 - action! potential!: Crash course anatomy & physiology #9. Crash Course. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZG8M_ldA1M Green, H. (2015c, March 10). The nervous system, part 3 - synapses!: Crash course anatomy & physiology #10. Crash Course. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VitFvNvRIIY Hill PB, Lo A, Eden CA, Huntley S, Morey V, Ramsey S, Richardson C, Smith DJ, Sutton C, Taylor MD, Thorpe E, Tidmarsh R, Williams V. Survey of the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions in small animals in general practice. Vet Rec. 2006 Apr. https://ivapm.org/ Mills DS, et al Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs. Animals. 2020; 10(2):318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020318 Mills , D. (2021). Pain & Problem Behaviors . Lemonade Conference . Molony V, Kent JE. Assessment of acute pain in farm animals using behavioral and physiological measurements. J Anim Sci. 1997 Jan;75(1):266-72. doi: 10.2527/1997.751266x. PMID: 9027575. Monteiro, B. P., Lascelles, B. D., Murrell, J., Robertson, S., Steagall, P. V., & Wright, B. (2022). 2022 WSAVA guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of pain. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 64(4), 177–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13566 O’Neill et al. (2021) “Epidemiology of periodontal disease in dogs in the UK primary-care veterinary setting”, Journal of Small Animal Practice.
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